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CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
 Background of the study
The socioeconomic position of a family is generally connected to the family’s income, parental education level, parent’s work, and social standing among their relatives in most African nations and the Western world, and even at the global level (Chidubem, E., et al., 2018). Academic achievement is defined as excellence in all academic subjects, both in class and outside of class. Include sportsmanship, confidence, communication skills, punctuality, assertiveness, the arts, and culture, among other things. Achieving or performing anything is something that has been done or attained via effort: as a consequence of hard work (Fan W., et al., 2011).
Education is critical for societal advancement. The better educated a society’s citizens are, the more civilized and disciplined it becomes. Ultimately, it is the role of the family to socialize children in order for them to become useful members of society. The more actively parents participate in their children’s education, the more likely they are to succeed academically and grow into productive and responsible members of society ( Hafiz M. et al., 2013). The country’s social and economic prosperity is inextricably connected to student academic achievement. Students’ academic success (academic accomplishment) is critical in creating high-quality graduates who will serve as outstanding leaders and manpower for the nation, and therefore be accountable for its economic and social progress (Ali et al., 2018). Previous study has focused on student academic performance assessment; it is one of the most difficult areas of academic literature, and scientific student performance is influenced by social, psychological, economic, environmental, and personal variables. These characteristics have a significant impact on student achievement, but they differ from person to person and nation to country.
A child’s education begins at a very early age in the family. A child’s first instructors are his or her parents. This kind of instruction is referred to as informal education. Education is a tool for social change that is first taught to children in their family setting (Machebe C. et al., 2014). The socio-economic standing of parents, which includes their educational level, family income, family environment, and style of living, has a significant impact on their children’s academic success and social conduct (Amarveer S. et al., 2014).
Statement of the problem
According to Schneider J. and Coleman H. Â in 2000, children’ grades are strongly influenced by their parents’ socioeconomic position, and pupils from lower-income homes are less likely to thrive academically. He also said that parents with a poor educational level may lack the knowledge or skills to engage with their children’s education. Students’ academic performance may suffer as a consequence of this. As a result, parental participation indicators may have a distinct impact on their children’s education. This indicates that parents who are more involved in their children’s education may put a larger priority on academic accomplishment, which may lead to improved academic performance.
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Objective of the study
The primary objective of the study is as follows
1.       To examine if the income level of parents affect students academic performance in Nigeria.
2.       To examine if parents educational status have effect on students academic performance in Nigeria.
3.       To find out if there is a relationship between parent socio economic status and students academic performance.
4.       To find out strategies that can be used to improve student academic performance in Nigeria.
Research Questions
The following question have been prepared for this study
1)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Does income level of parents affect students academic performance in Nigeria?
2)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Does parents educational status have effect on students academic performance in Nigeria?
3)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Is there a relationship between parent socio economic status and students academic performance?
4)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â What are the strategies that can be used to improve student academic performance in Nigeria?
Significance of the study
This study examines socio economic status of parent and how it affect academic performance of student ,hence this study will be significant as it will  expose some factors that might be accountable for poor academic achievement of students.
This study is also beneficial to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature.
Scope of the study
This study examine if the income level of parents affect students academic performance in Nigeria. This study will also examine if parents educational status have effect on students academic performance in Nigeria. This study will further find out if there is a relationship between parent socio economic status and students academic performance. Lastly, this study will find out strategies that can be used to improve student academic performance in Nigeria. Hence this study will be delimited to the Ambrose Ali University, Edo state.
 Limitation of the study
This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:
Just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data.
Financial constraint , was faced by the researcher ,in getting relevant materials and in printing and collation of questionnaires.
Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher.
 Definition of terms
Socio economic class: a group of people with similar characteristics
Academic performance: the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects
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